By itself, trauma is devastating. Trauma originates
outside of the victim who receives it, yet it is passed to the victim, who
bears the aftermath and the consequences. This is unfair to say the least.
Sometimes trauma occurs as the result of a natural disaster, or a as a direct
result of war. Most often, however, trauma originates from an abuser, an
individual whose bad decision(s) affect(s) the victim for the rest of her life
(and sometimes his or their life).
The victim, who did not cause the trauma, but as a
result of being in the recipient role of the trauma, must shoulder the burden
of that trauma for the rest of her life (see parenthetical citation above for
all pronoun references). This plays out in the daily aftermath of the trauma in
intrusive memories, visceral flashbacks, obliterating nightmares, and surges of
overwhelming emotions. Each occurrence shreds through the victim like a hail of
bullets strafing their flesh and vital organs. Sensory overload is a common
side effect. There are often accompanying physical and mental health symptoms
as well, depending on the age of the victim as opposed to the age of the
perpetrator. None of these are fair.
But wait, it gets even worse.
The abuser, whose decision to act on their own urge
and perpetrate the abuse often gets away without consequence and can abuse
again and again. Abusers often silence their victims, passing the blame to the
victim as if they caused the trauma, and with shame as an alibi, the victim
accepts this transaction without realizing in that moment (or perhaps in
treatment or recovery much later) that the responsibility lies with the abuser,
not the victim. This is a secondary layer of abuse, wrapped around the initial
abuse that can grow into a quagmire of confusion, anguish, and deception that
makes recovery from trauma incredibly complicated.
There’s even worse news.
Trauma attacks the victim. In her body, this
presents as physical symptoms. In her mind, this also presents as mental health
outcomes the victim would not otherwise have incurred. And, according to the
seminal study of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) by Kaiser Permanente of
more than 17,000 participants, exposure to ACEs have direct correlation to
these physical health and mental health outcomes in the lives of trauma survivors.
For more details and specific data on this topic, see www.acestoohigh.com
or www.acesconnection.com.
Both websites provide access to the 10 question ACEs study (what the victim
survived) as well as the 14 question resilience study (how and why the victim
survived) to better understand how ACEs impact the victim. Dr. Nadine
Burke-Harris’s TedTalk is another incredible source of understanding for how
ACEs affect victims of trauma (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95ovIJ3dsNk).
Now for the worst news of all: The
Ticking Time Bomb.
The victim of trauma suffers greatly in the
aftermath of abuse. It can last decades for the victim. An entire lifetime. But
trauma doesn’t stop at the physical or mental health level. It actually goes
down to the cellular level. According to The National Institute for the
Clinical Application of Behavioral Medicine (www.nicabm.com)
, a pioneer of experts in the trauma treatment and recovery field, trauma that
is unprocessed will actually attack the survivor in the DNA of their cells.
Read that again.
In their Treating Trauma Master Series, NICABM
details how unprocessed trauma attacks the victim in their DNA, resulting in
the very physical health and mental health outcomes cited earlier. In addition,
this can lead to a shorter lifespan, when untreated, and unchecked. Specifically,
this occurs in the coating around DNA, the telomere (see below for further
explanation). The reason this can be so devastating to trauma survivors, has to
do with self-preservation. In order to survive trauma, a victim often responds
with a fight, flight, freeze (there are two types: brain freeze and numbing),
or fawn response.
The brain goes haywire. The frontal lobe goes
offline. The left and right hemispheres can sever, requiring treatment and
recovery work that reconnects the severed halves. Trauma can impact the
nonverbal part of the mind, requiring nonverbal/nonlinguistic treatment to heal
those particular aspects of trauma (see EMDR, tapping, art therapy, dramatic
arts therapy, neurofeedback/biofeedback, music therapy, etc. for appropriate
avenues to address these areas of recovery from trauma). The fight or flight
response also has chemical responses in the brain: the amygdala floods with
adrenaline, while the hippocampus floods with cortisol.
This essentially shuts down the memory system of the
victim. The amygdala must be restarted by grounding tools (which use the senses
to reboot this part of the long term memory system), and the hippocampus
becomes flooded by the cortisol, causing searing bits of memory, disconnected
from the timeline of an individual’s life history, rather than a seamless
“video recording” of the trauma events. The hippocampus acts like the news
reporter, collecting the who, what, where, when, why, and how of memories. When
flooded, the hippocampus is unable to anchor such details to the long term
memory system, causing the trauma memory to store in the body instead of the
mind, until it is fully processed.
Our bodies are designed to heal themselves while we
sleep. Approximately every seven years, the body replaces all 15 trillion or 75
trillion cells (depending on whether one measures by weight or volume) during
the repair process. This occurs while we sleep. That is why 8 hours of sleep
per night are so essential to the health and wellbeing of individuals. When
that individual is a survivor of trauma, their sleep is often disrupted by a
plethora of side effects such as insomnia, hyposomnia, sleep apnea, sleep
paralysis, nightmares, and related symptoms. This further underscores how the
aftermath negatively affects a survivor of trauma, and complicates her
treatment, healing, and recovery. In fact, for most trauma survivors, just
getting started in these processes is exponentially challenging, as victims of
trauma often believe they do not deserve treatment, healing, or recovery.
During the process the body uses to heal itself, at
the DNA level, the two strands of DNA unravel, create a copy of the cell, and
ravel back together. The telomere, a coating on the outside of the strands of
DNA, hold the two strands together, keeping them from breaking apart in the
unraveling and raveling back together process. One can visualize the telomere
like the hard-plastic cover at the end of a shoelace. Those caps keep the
shoelace from unraveling. Similarly, the telomere coating the DNA hold the DNA
strands together, keeping them healthy and alive. Trauma attacks the telomere.
The direct affect of trauma attacking the telomere, is that they become
shorter, and eventually, this can cause the DNA to break apart during the
unraveling/raveling back together process. What occurs then is alarming: the
cell where the DNA breaks apart gets sick and dies. This is the specific reason
why the victim of trauma suffers both physical health and mental health
symptoms. They are caused by the trauma attacking the telomere, and those cells
where the physical health and mental health symptoms occur.
Trauma only attacks the body when it is unprocessed.
Thus, the ticking time bomb of unprocessed trauma can be diffused. This is good
news for the trauma survivor, but one which must lead to eventually facing and
processing the trauma, the very thing the victim of trauma strives to avoid at
all costs. Unbeknownst to the trauma survivor, until now, is the fact that
avoiding the processing of trauma actually leads to further consequences for
the victim.
Survivors of trauma have incredible levels of
resilience. When life knocks the trauma survivor down, she gets back up. An
adage states: “Fall down Seven Times, Get Up Eight.” This is true for trauma
survivors. It is an adaptation. Similarly, suppressing the traumatic memory
allows the victim to survive the trauma, at first. Initially, this is considered
an adaptive response to trauma. Dissociation is one example. This can also lead
a survivor of trauma to consider addiction as a viable option to stuff or avoid
facing the traumatic memory. However, repeating this adaptive response to
trauma over time actually becomes maladaptive. What initially helps the victim
to survive, develops into a barrier that gets in the way of her treatment,
recovery, and healing.
This is where mindfulness becomes a key factor to
begin the healing and recovery process of treatment for a trauma survivor. By
staying present to the surfacing traumatic memory, and dealing with it in the
moment it occurs, the survivor learns to do the opposite of suppressing and
avoiding the trauma. This causes that trauma memory to become processed. Once
processed, it no longer attacks the telomere, and the victim of trauma can
reduce the negative outcomes of a reduced lifespan, physical health, or mental
health outcomes.
In his book, Waking the Tiger, Peter Levine
details how somatic experiencing can support the processing of trauma memories.
Examples include the tools of Felt Sense and Pendulation, two specific tools
utilized in the healing and recovery of traumatic memory. For further details,
please check out Heidi Hanson’s blog on Resiliency Building Skills to Practice
for Trauma Recovery (http://www.new-synapse.com/aps/wordpress/?p=1825)
as well as her blog on 13 Benefits of Pendulation (http://www.new-synapse.com/aps/wordpress/?p=542)
and finally, her blog post on the use of Felt Sense (http://www.new-synapse.com/aps/wordpress/?p=63)
which can be effectively used to treat depression, anxiety, and other related
trauma symptoms.
Please note: Sensorymotor Psychotherapy has further
application for the trauma survivor with Pat Ogden’s Window of Tolerance tool,
available on the NICABM website in multiple formats.
In conclusion, trauma is a horrific experience for
the survivor. Walking out the aftermath of symptoms and consequences the victim
did not deserve in the first place is challenging enough. But left unprocessed
and untreated, trauma attacks the survivor, delivering even more debilitating
consequences. Once the survivor of trauma has reached a point of recovery where
they are partially healed, and able to begin the difficult work of turning and
facing the unprocessed trauma, she would be wise to act on that sooner than
later, utilizing such tools as pendulation to process the trauma, and move it
from its suppressed location in the body, to the long term memory, where it no
longer plagues the survivor on a regular basis. It is there, she can attain a
level of recovery where she has her life back, and she can function without
daily intrusive thoughts, memories, and physical or mental health symptoms.
Healing is possible. Recovery is possible. Finding
the right treatment for the trauma survivor is personal and best led by the
trauma survivor herself. It’s time to diffuse the ticking time bomb of
unprocessed trauma. You deserve healing and wholeness. You never deserved the
consequences your abuser/perpetrator passed off on you, like the world’s worst
version of hot potato. You deserve to be free of the consequences of trauma.
It’s time to cut the wire.
